PANCE Pulmonology Practice Test

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• Restrictive lung disease such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis typically shows which spirometry pattern?
• Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) is primarily used in COPD to address which condition?
• Winter’s formula is used to determine the expected respiratory compensation in which acid-base disturbance?
• What is first-line empiric therapy for outpatient CAP in a previously healthy adult without risk factors for drug resistance?
• Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis can reflect respiratory acidosis. Which statement describes a process that causes respiratory acidosis?
• How should a pneumothorax be managed when it is small and stable versus large or symptomatic?
• On chest radiograph, a negative result most strongly suggests latent TB infection rather than active disease.
• In anaphylaxis, most fatalities occur within what time frame after exposure?
• Which combination makes up the intensive phase of active TB treatment?
• What are the core components and expected benefits of a pulmonary rehabilitation program?
• How is TB primarily transmitted?
• In children aged 0-4 years with asthma, initial therapy commonly includes which regimen?
• In acute bronchitis with no strong suspicion of bacterial infection, what is the recommended management?
• Which of the following is NOT an indication for pulmonary function testing (PFT)?
• Which ECG finding is associated with pulmonary embolism?
• Which radiographic feature is typical of COPD on chest imaging?
• Which of the following is not a prevention strategy for influenza?
• What best defines chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
• Which statement best describes latent TB infection?
• Which symptom is most commonly associated with acute pulmonary embolism?
• Which statement best describes the typical presentation of COPD?
• Which statement best describes sarcoidosis?
• What does Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) measure?
• Which of the following best characterizes obstructive sleep apnea?
• What radiographic finding is characteristic of sarcoidosis in the lungs?
• Which finding is characteristic of a tension pneumothorax?
• If beta-lactam allergy is present in CAP, which is an appropriate alternative?
• PFTs are used to assess prognosis in which scenario?
• What is a common first-line therapy for obstructive sleep apnea?
• Which symptom set is commonly seen in CAP?
• Which spirometric change is associated with progression to moderate/severe persistent asthma?
• Which of the following features best distinguishes asthma from COPD in a patient with dyspnea?
• Which description best defines Group 1 pulmonary arterial hypertension on hemodynamics and echocardiography?
• In the treatment of drug-susceptible TB, which four drugs constitute the initial regimen?
• Which of the following is a cause of metabolic alkalosis?
• FEV1/FVC ratio helps differentiate obstructive versus restrictive lung disease. In obstructive diseases, how does the ratio typically present?
• In suspected acute bronchitis, which finding is most consistent?
• How is active TB confirmed microbiologically?
• What is the target oxygen saturation range for long-term home oxygen therapy in COPD?
• Which description best fits the typical CF lung pathology?
• Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for asthma exacerbations?
• Metabolic acidosis is caused by which of the following?
• Pre-bronchodilator spirometry findings that support an asthma diagnosis include which of the following?
• According to USPSTF, annual low-dose CT screening is recommended for which population?
• Which feature is typical of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung?
• What echocardiographic findings are commonly seen in Group 1 pulmonary arterial hypertension?
• In asthma diagnosis, what post-bronchodilator response supports the diagnosis?
• In arterial blood gas interpretation, which finding indicates a primary respiratory disturbance?
• In tension pneumothorax with clinical instability, what is the initial management step?
• Which clinical rule estimates pretest probability for pulmonary embolism and guides imaging?
• Which finding is most indicative of asthma when evaluating airway reversibility?
• Which statement best describes large cell carcinoma of the lung?
• Which of the following best describes the exact criteria for pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension on hemodynamics?
• What BAL finding is commonly associated with hypersensitivity pneumonitis?
• For children aged 5-11, which maintenance and reliever strategy is commonly used?
• Which of the following best describes intermittent asthma?
• Which statement about Homan's sign for DVT is most accurate?
• Which auscultation and imaging finding is most characteristic of interstitial lung disease?
• In spirometry, what FEV1/FVC ratio indicates obstruction, and how is severity categorized by FEV1 % predicted?
• In hypoxemic respiratory failure, which of the following is an appropriate management step beyond treating the underlying cause?
• In patients co-infected with HIV and latent TB, what is a key management consideration?
• Which organism is most commonly associated with chronic infection in the lungs of individuals with cystic fibrosis?
• Which statement best describes typical and atypical pathogens in adult CAP and how empiric therapy is chosen?
• For patients under 65 with CAP and no comorbidities, which is a reasonable first-line outpatient therapy?
• Which statement about COPD diagnosis and assessment is most accurate?
• If PPD or IGRA is positive, what are the next steps?
• Which testing may be indicated as part of asthma evaluation under allergy testing, FeNO, labs, and imaging?
• In persistent asthma, what is the first-line long-term controller, and what class is added for moderate to severe disease?
• Which ECG finding is most consistent with cor pulmonale?
• What epinephrine dosing is recommended if intravenous administration is used in anaphylaxis?
• In cystic fibrosis, what is the typical chronic infection and resulting lung damage?
• How is an obstructive pattern defined on spirometry and what value confirms obstruction?
• Which of the following is a common indication for bronchoscopy in pulmonology?
• In pediatric asthma, which clinical features indicate the need for stepping up therapy?
• Which measures are recommended for CAP prevention?
• In COPD exacerbation management, when should antibiotics be considered?
• What is the recommended approach to antibiotic use in acute bronchitis when bacterial infection is not strongly suspected?
• On CT, pulmonary emboli appear as what?
• A pulmonary nodule with doubling time between 1 month and 1 year is most concerning for which outcome?
• Which finding best describes acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?
• Which management principle is essential in asthma care?
• For CAP in patients over 65 or with comorbidities, which regimen is appropriate?
• Which of the following is a sign commonly seen in asthma?
• Which laboratory finding supports a diagnosis of obesity hypoventilation syndrome?
• How do you calculate the alveolar-arterial (A-a) gradient and what does an increased gradient suggest?
• What ventilator strategy reduces mortality in ARDS?
• For patients older than 12 with asthma and ongoing symptoms, which regimen best describes a MART-like approach?
• Which of the following is a common short-course latent TB regimen?
• Which organism is considered an atypical CAP pathogen?
• Elevated fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) indicates which condition?
• Which term describes rough, grating sounds produced by inflamed pleural surfaces rubbing together?
• Which of the following is NOT a component of Virchow's triad?
• What is the standard initial four-drug regimen for drug-susceptible pulmonary TB and its typical duration?
• Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) combines the routine measurements taken during incremental exercise with which of the following analyses?
• V/Q scan is used as an alternative to CT in PE for patients in which situation?
• Which adventitious sound is snoring or gurgling and results from fluid or obstructions in large airways?
• Which condition is typically associated with reduced DLCO?
• Which systemic symptom is listed as B signs in bronchogenic carcinoma?
• What exposure history is typical for hypersensitivity pneumonitis and what are its classic HRCT findings?
• During active TB treatment, how often should sputum AFB smear and culture be obtained until two consecutive cultures are negative?
• Which of the following is a common early sign of cystic fibrosis in newborns?
• What does MART therapy stand for in asthma management?
• Asbestosis is classically associated with which exposure and finding?
• What range is considered normal for FVC as a percent of predicted value?
• Which statement about extrathoracic metastasis from bronchogenic carcinoma is correct?
• Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is defined as pneumonia that develops after how many hours in the hospital?
• DLCO testing evaluates diffusion capacity for which gas?
• What is the recommended initial management for a small, stable pneumothorax?
• Adenocarcinoma of the lung tends to be located where?
• Which statement correctly lists the categories of COPD?
• What are the Berlin criteria for diagnosing ARDS?
• Which procedure is used to obtain pleural fluid for analysis?
• How is anaphylaxis diagnosed?
• In an acute asthma exacerbation, which description best characterizes the early phase?
• In tension pneumothorax, which radiographic or physiologic change is typical?
• What is the typical management for a large primary spontaneous pneumothorax in a stable patient?
• Which set of vaccines is recommended for COPD patients according to the material?
• Which HRCT pattern is most characteristic of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
• Which organism is commonly associated with typical CAP?
• In hypoxemic respiratory failure, which ABG value defines hypoxemia on room air?
• Which physical findings are more likely in the later stages of COPD?
• Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) testing measures what parameter?
• Which chest X-ray finding may be seen with pulmonary embolism?
• Which of the following is a first-line empiric therapy for outpatient CAP in a healthy adult without risk factors for drug resistance?
• What distinguishes community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) from hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) in onset and common pathogens?
• Arterial blood gas analysis helps differentiate which categories of disorders?
• Which presentation is typical of an anaphylactic reaction?
• What is considered a normal FEV1 as a percent of predicted value?
• Chronic hypoxemia has what effect on erythropoiesis?
• Which pattern is most characteristic of blue bloater (chronic bronchitis)?
• What is the primary treatment for Stage I and II non-small cell lung cancer?
• For larger pulmonary nodules (>1 cm) in older smokers, which diagnostic step is commonly performed?
• Which characteristics of a solitary pulmonary nodule are most suggestive of malignancy?
• Non-spirometry based asthma diagnosis relies on a peak flow increase after four weeks of inhaled corticosteroids. By how much must peak flow improve?
• Which is the most significant risk factor for bronchogenic carcinoma?
• Which statement best describes management of exudative pleural effusions?
• In restrictive lung disease, the FEV1/FVC ratio is typically:
• Which presentation is classic for intrathoracic metastasis from bronchogenic carcinoma?
• Progression from mild to moderate to severe asthma is correlated with an increase in which of the following?
• In hospital-acquired pneumonia with risk for MRSA and Pseudomonas, which empiric therapy is most appropriate?
• Which of the following is considered a red flag sign in asthma?
• Which finding is most characteristic of an acute COPD exacerbation?
• Which of the following best describes the typical annual low-dose CT lung cancer screening eligibility criteria?
• Breath sounds shift from vesicular to bronchial when there is fluid in the lung parenchyma such as pneumonia. Which condition best explains this shift?
• Which testing method is commonly used to diagnose influenza during an outbreak?
• Which statement about COPD etiologies is accurate based on the material?
• Which test is most commonly used to diagnose deep vein thrombosis?
• Lung‑oxygen therapy (LTOT) is indicated for COPD when PaO2 meets which criterion?
• Which ABG pattern is characteristic of respiratory acidosis?
• D-dimer testing is most useful for which scenario in suspected DVT?
• In sarcoidosis, which radiographic finding is NOT typical?
• Which scenario describes a primary spontaneous pneumothorax?
• Which biologic is an anti-IgE therapy used in severe allergic asthma?
• What test confirms a diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea?
• Which drug reduces the risk of COPD exacerbations but may cause psychiatric events?
• How do latent tuberculosis infection and active pulmonary tuberculosis differ in symptoms, radiography, and microbiology?
• Which description matches vesicular breath sounds?
• Which pathogen is associated with viral CAP?
• Respiratory alkalosis is most accurately characterized by
• In COPD exacerbation, noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is indicated when?
• Which asthma category best describes daytime symptoms more than 2 days per week and nighttime symptoms more than 2 nights per month?
• What vaccines are routinely recommended for adults with chronic lung disease?
• What is the first step in the management of an anaphylactic reaction?
• What is the recommended intramuscular dose of epinephrine for a mild to moderate anaphylactic reaction?
• Silicosis is classically linked to which exposure?
• Which statement defines Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) in spirometry?
• In COPD with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure, what is the preferred initial ventilatory support if not immediately intubated?
• If non-invasive ventilation fails in COPD with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure, what is the recommended next step?
• Which organism is a typical pathogen in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)?
• What are the AHI thresholds for mild, moderate, and severe obstructive sleep apnea?
• What are the two main NSCLC histologies and which is more strongly associated with smoking?
• Compared with intermittent asthma, persistent asthma is characterized by which of the following?
• Cystic fibrosis is inherited in which pattern?
• Noncaseating granulomas are most characteristic of which disease?
• Deep vein thrombosis usually occurs in which region?
• Flat or dull percussion is most consistent with which finding?
• Which lung function test uses a sealed box to measure lung volumes?
• Which is a typical physical finding in a patient with pleural effusion?
• Which of the following is an exacerbating condition for asthma?
• What is the typical pattern of low-dose CT screening interval for at-risk individuals?
• Which imaging finding is classically linked to asbestos exposure?
• Which statement about latent TB treatment regimens is correct?
• Which condition is typically associated with a normal DLCO?
• Which statement about community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is true?
• What does a reduced DLCO suggest in a patient with dyspnea and a normal chest radiograph?
• Which antiviral agent is used for influenza treatment?
• What chest X-ray findings are commonly seen with pulmonary edema?
• For nodules smaller than 1 cm in younger nonsmokers, what is the recommended initial approach?
• Alpha-1 antitrypsin augmentation is indicated for COPD due to which underlying cause?
• What is the primary initial treatment for acute pulmonary embolism?
• In an acute asthma exacerbation, which options are commonly used as part of treatment?
• Which statement about PPD interpretation is correct?
• In active TB treatment, what describes the intensive phase?
• On percussion, which finding indicates a healthy lung?
• What is the recommended target oxygen saturation (SpO2) for COPD exacerbations requiring hospitalization?
• Small cell lung cancer is typically characterized by which of the following?
• What is the role of nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) in TB testing?
• Which of the following is an exacerbating condition for asthma?
• Which test measures the distance a person can walk in six minutes?
• What occupational lung disease is associated with pleural plaques and increased risk of mesothelioma and bronchogenic carcinoma?
• Which statement best describes bronchogenic carcinoma statistics?
• Tactile fremitus is typically increased with which condition?
• Which category of pulmonary hypertension is caused by left heart disease?
• Emphysema is best described as which of the following pathological changes?
• Which adventitious lung sound is high-pitched and musical?
• Which element is considered part of cystic fibrosis-specific multidisciplinary care?
• Which tests are typically used in the workup of CAP?
• Which statement about TB IGRA interpretation is true?
• Which diagnostic modality is commonly used for tissue sampling in bronchogenic carcinoma?
• Which statement best describes the radiographic differences between latent TB infection and active pulmonary TB?
• Which regimen for latent TB is given weekly?
• In COPD pharmacotherapy, what defines Group B treatment?
• For hypoxemic respiratory failure, which initial management step is commonly employed?
• What is considered the gold standard diagnostic test for pulmonary embolism, though rarely performed?
• Which statement defines pulmonary hypertension?
• Which strategy is a key component of managing obesity-hypoventilation syndrome?
• Which is a risk factor for asthma exacerbations?
• Which statement best describes acute viral bronchitis?
• What test confirms cystic fibrosis in suspected patients?
• Which biologic targets IL-5 signaling in severe eosinophilic asthma?
• PFT screening is particularly used to evaluate which scenario?
• If a pneumothorax persists after chest tube drainage due to a persistent air leak, which procedure may be required?
• Which class of antibiotics is effective against typical and atypical pathogens in CAP, particularly for healthy outpatients?
• What is a common regimen to reduce reactivation risk in latent TB infection?
• In ARDS, plateau pressure should be limited to what value to minimize barotrauma during low tidal volume ventilation?
• Which laboratory finding is commonly associated with sarcoidosis?
• Which imaging modality is commonly used to further evaluate a pulmonary nodule after CT?
• If spirometry shows FEV1 at 65% predicted and FEV1/FVC 0.68, how is the obstructive defect categorized?
• Which screening tools are commonly used to screen for obstructive sleep apnea?
• What does spirometry measure?
• Which finding indicates increased work of breathing during pulmonary inspection?
• Asthma classification includes which categories?
• Asthma is best described as
• Which statement correctly describes Light's criteria for pleural effusions?
• Which exposure is listed as a risk factor for asthma exacerbations?
• In a severe COPD exacerbation requiring hospitalization, which of the following best describes the initial management including oxygen target and key therapies?
• The FEV1/FVC ratio is typically expressed as a percentage. What is the normal range for this ratio?
• In carcinoid tumors of the lung, which feature is commonly observed?
• Which of the following conditions is commonly associated with obstructive lung disease?